人类健康解决方案
基础介绍
Omega-3 系列不饱和脂肪酸，是人体自身不能合成但又不可缺少的长链不饱和脂肪酸。寒冷地区深海鱼类如三文鱼、沙丁鱼等体内Omega-3 系列不饱和脂肪酸含量极高，主要成分即为DHA（二十二碳六稀酸）和EPA（二十碳五稀酸）。
DHA功效
DHA，俗称”脑黄金”，是人体大脑和视网膜脂质的重要组成成分，有活化脑细胞、增强记忆力、延缓大脑衰老、增强脑神经灵敏性和信息传达速度的作用。其长期缺乏几乎与所有神经退化性疾病（如老年痴呆、忧郁症、注意力不集中、以及智力低下及学习和记忆功能受损）的病源学直接相关。
EPA功效
EPA，俗称”血管清道夫”，具有疏导清理心脏血管的作用，可降血脂、预防动脉粥样硬化从而预防心脑血管疾病，通过对血管和心脏的保护还有降血压的作用。
另外，在细胞膜的代谢过程中富含DHA/EPA的细胞膜成分经生物酶催化转化为一类抑制慢性炎症的激素类物质，可直接调节机体损伤后的自动恢复过程和炎症发作的程度和长短，几乎在所有慢性疾病的病源学上有着极其重要的作用。
健康益处
心血管疾病和心血管疾病风险因素
2019 年”使用二十碳五烯酸乙基酯减少心血管事件”干预试验 (REDUCE-IT) 发现，Vascepa 具有显著的心血管疾病益处，Vascepa 是一种高剂量处方形式的 omega-3，含有二十碳五烯酸乙基酯 (IPE) 形式的 EPA，这是一种乙基酯。参与者每天服用 4 克 IPE 或矿物油安慰剂，中位数为 4.9 年。IPE 显著降低了心血管事件（心血管死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、非致死性中风、冠状动脉血运重建和不稳定性心绞痛的综合）发生率 25%。IPE 还显著降低了其他结果的发生率，包括心血管死亡率降低 20%，致命或非致命性中风降低 28%，致命或非致命性心肌梗死降低 31%。
为了控制高甘油三酯水平，美国心脏协会 (AHA) 得出结论，每天服用 4 克处方 omega-3（含有 EPA 加 DHA 或仅含有 EPA）单独使用或作为其他降脂药物的辅助药物时，可以降低甘油三酯水平。
婴儿健康和神经发育
大量研究已经检验了母亲海鲜和 omega-3 摄入量对婴儿出生体重、妊娠期长度、视觉和认知发育以及其他婴儿健康结果的影响。高浓度的 DHA 存在于大脑和视网膜的细胞膜中，DHA 对胎儿的生长发育很重要。DHA 在视网膜中的积累在出生时就已完成，而大脑中的积累则在出生后的前 2 年内持续进行。
癌症预防
一些研究表明，摄入和/或血液中 omega-3 含量较高与某些癌症（包括乳腺癌和结直肠癌）风险降低之间存在关联。
阿尔茨海默病、痴呆和认知功能
一些（但并非全部）观察性研究表明，富含 LC omega-3 的饮食与认知衰退、阿尔茨海默病和痴呆的风险降低有关。由于 DHA 是大脑细胞膜磷脂的重要组成部分，研究人员推测 LC omega-3 可能通过帮助维持大脑内的神经元功能和细胞膜完整性来保护认知功能。病例对照研究的结果支持了这一假设，这些研究表明阿尔茨海默病患者的血清 DHA 水平低于认知健康的人。血清 DHA 水平较低也与健康老年人的脑淀粉样变性（称为淀粉样蛋白的蛋白质沉积物积聚）增多有关，而 DHA 水平较高则与脑容量保持有关。
Human Health Solutions
Basic Introduction
Omega-3 series of unsaturated fatty acids are long-chain unsaturated fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the human body but are indispensable. Deep-sea fish in cold regions, such as salmon and sardines, have extremely high levels of Omega-3 series of unsaturated fatty acids, the main components of which are DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid).
DHA Benefits
DHA, commonly known as “brain gold”, is an important component of human brain and retinal lipids. It has the functions of activating brain cells, enhancing memory, delaying brain aging, and enhancing brain nerve sensitivity and information transmission speed. Its long-term deficiency is directly related to the etiology of almost all neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer’s disease, depression, inattention, mental retardation, and impaired learning and memory functions).
EPA Benefits
EPA, commonly known as “vascular scavenger”, has the function of dredging and cleaning heart and blood vessels, can lower blood lipids, prevent atherosclerosis and thus prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and has the function of lowering blood pressure by protecting blood vessels and heart.
In addition, during the metabolism of the cell membrane, the cell membrane components rich in DHA/EPA are converted by biological enzymes into a class of hormone substances that inhibit chronic inflammation. They can directly regulate the body’s automatic recovery process after damage and the degree and duration of inflammatory attacks, and play an extremely important role in the etiology of almost all chronic diseases.
Health Benefits
Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
The 2019 Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT) found significant CVD benefits with Vascepa, a high-dose, prescription form of omega-3s containing EPA in the form of icosapent ethyl (IPE), an ethyl ester. Participants received either 4 g/day IPE or a placebo of mineral oil for a median of 4.9 years. IPE significantly reduced rates of cardiovascular events (a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, and unstable angina) by 25%. IPE also significantly reduced rates of other outcomes, including cardiovascular death by 20%, fatal or nonfatal stroke by 28%, and fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction by 31%.
To manage high triglyceride levels, the American Heart Association (AHA) concludes that 4 g/day prescription omega-3s (containing EPA plus DHA or EPA only) lower triglyceride levels when used alone or as adjuncts to other lipid-lowering medications.
Infant Health and Neurodevelopment
Numerous studies have examined the effects of maternal seafood and omega-3 intakes on infant birth weight, length of gestation, visual and cognitive development, and other infant health outcomes. High concentrations of DHA are present in the cellular membranes of the brain and retina, and DHA is important for fetal growth and development. The accumulation of DHA in the retina is complete by birth, whereas accumulation in the brain continues throughout the first 2 years after birth.
Cancer Prevention
Some studies have shown associations between higher intakes and/or blood levels of omega-3s and a decreased risk of certain cancers, including breast and colorectal cancers.
Alzheimer’s Disease, Dementia, and Cognitive Function
Some, but not all, observational studies suggest that diets high in LC omega-3s are associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline, Alzheimer’s disease, and dementia. Because DHA is an essential component of cellular membrane phospholipids in the brain, researchers hypothesize that LC omega-3s might protect cognitive function by helping to maintain neuronal function and cell membrane integrity within the brain. This hypothesis is supported by findings from case-control studies indicating that patients with Alzheimer’s disease have lower serum levels of DHA than cognitively healthy people. Lower serum DHA levels are also associated with more cerebral amyloidosis (build-up of protein deposits called amyloids) in healthy older adults, whereas higher DHA is correlated with preservation of brain volume.